Infuse the Oil: In a large, cold Dutch oven, combine half of the olive oil (1/6 cup), the sliced garlic, and the lemon peel. Set to medium-low and gently warm until fragrant and just turning golden, 3–4 minutes. Do not brown. Remove and discard the garlic and lemon peel.
Build the Base: Raise heat to medium. Add onion and fennel; sauté, stirring occasionally, until soft and translucent, 8–10 minutes.
Bloom the Spices: Add cumin, oregano, and cinnamon; stir constantly for 1 minute until aromatic.
Deglaze and Unify: Pour in the white wine (or broth) and scrape up any browned bits; bubble 30 seconds. Stir in the crushed tomatoes, 1.5 cups vegetable broth, bay leaf, kosher salt, and black pepper.
Simmer the Stew: Add potatoes and green beans; bring to a gentle boil, then reduce to low, cover, and simmer 45 minutes, stirring once or twice. Cook until a knife pierces the potatoes easily and the green beans are tender.
Integrate Final Ingredients: Uncover. Stir in chickpeas and halved cherry tomatoes; simmer uncovered 10 minutes, until chickpeas are heated through and the sauce lightly thickens and coats the vegetables.
Finish with Freshness: Remove from heat and discard the bay leaf. Stir in lemon juice and parsley. Drizzle the remaining 1/6 cup olive oil over the top. Taste and adjust salt as needed. Serve hot.