Oven & Pan Preparation: Position a rack in the center of your oven and preheat to 400°F (205°C). Line the heavy-duty baking pan with parchment paper for easy cleanup.
Broccoli Trimming: Wash and thoroughly dry the broccoli. Trim the thick, woody bottoms from the stalks. Cut the crowns into large, uniform florets, ensuring they have a flat side for browning.
Initial Seasoning Toss: In the large mixing bowl, whisk together the olive oil, garlic powder, smoked paprika, and red pepper flakes. Add the broccoli florets and toss until every piece is thoroughly coated with the seasoned oil. Sprinkle with sea salt.
First Roasting Stage: Distribute the seasoned broccoli onto the prepared baking pan in a single, even layer, avoiding any overlap. Place the pan in the preheated oven and roast for 15 minutes, until the edges just begin to show browning.
Cheese Application: Carefully remove the pan from the oven. Sprinkle the grated Pecorino Romano cheese and a generous amount of black pepper over the partially cooked florets. Use a spatula to gently toss the broccoli directly on the hot pan.
Final Browning Stage: Return the pan to the oven and continue roasting for another 12 to 15 minutes. The dish is ready when the cheese is melted and forms a golden-brown crust and the broccoli stalks are tender-crisp when pierced with a fork.
Garnish and Serve: Remove the broccoli from the oven and transfer it to a serving platter. Immediately grate fresh lemon zest over the top. Serve hot.
